Turkey’s economic trajectory since 1990 has been one of significant but highly volatile expansion. After a period of slow growth in the 1990s, Turkey saw a major economic takeoff beginning around 2000, with GDP soaring from $273 billion to reach a peak of $867 billion by 2015, driven largely by capital accumulation and liberalization efforts. However, this momentum was interrupted by the effects of the 2018 currency crisis and the global pandemic, causing the GDP to contract sharply to $717 billion by 2020. The final data point projects a substantial rebound, showing Turkey’s economy recovering strongly to reach an estimated $1.44 trillion by 2025, underscoring its underlying potential for robust growth despite macroeconomic challenges.